When powering up an IP Office for the first time a number of things are configured automatically. It is important to remember to power up all expansion cabinets first as the IP Office will reach out to all connected modules to identify them. Without power these devices can't be identified and the IP Office will not configure them.
The IP Office will automatically build extensions and users for each extension port. This does not require the phones to be connected, simply that the port is installed and has power. The numbering starts at 201 and goes up sequentially, going from left to right across each port on the main unit and then sequentially up through the expansion modules. A default hunt group is created called MAIN with the number 200. The first ten users are added to this hunt group. By default all voice calls are directed to this hunt group. Data calls are routed to the RAS Access DialIn.
All lines are assigned to Line Group 0 by default. A Short code of 9 is created to provide access to this line group.
Embedded voicemail is configured by default. Every user will be assigned a mailbox and they will be active by default.
The IP Office will configure IP Networking. LAN 1 will have the IP Address of 192.168.42.1 and LAN 2 will be 192.168.43.1. Both networks will have the Subnet Mask of 255.255.255.0 and will have the DHCP server configured with a 200 address range. When connecting to the network the IP Office will check to see if there is another DHCP server on the network. If another DHCP server is active the IP Office will disable the DHCP server for that interface.
The IP Office System Name is configured using the MAC address of the IP Office control unit.
Showing posts with label IP. Show all posts
Showing posts with label IP. Show all posts
IP Office Telephones
The IP Office supports analog, digital, and IP sets. Avaya
uses the second digit of the phone model to indicate the phone type. A phone
with the numbering scheme x4xx or x5xx is a digital set and a numbering scheme
of x6xx is an IP set. Avaya uses the same sets for the IP Office as they do for
Avaya Call Manager.
Avaya offers expansion modules known as Button Modules for
some of their digital and IP sets.
1400 series sets are digital sets using the Avaya Digital
Control Protocol. Sets in this series include the 1403, 1408, and 1416 sets. The 1416 set supports up to three DBM32
expansion modules with external power. The 1400 series sets have a red light
that shows up next to the first line appearance on the phone. These sets do not
have self-labeling buttons and require a paper label for the buttons. Labels
can be printed from within IP Office Manager using the DESI software available for
free download from http://www.desi.com/
9500 series sets are digital sets that have soft-labels. The
button labels that are programmed into the IP Office are passed through using
the Digital Control Protocol to the phones. Available sets are the 9504 and
9508.
1600 Series sets use the H.323 protocol and are visually
similar to the 1400 series sets. They also require the use of DESI labels for
button labeling. In addition to the 1600 sets there are 1600i sets that have a
larger screen that support non-English lettering.
9600 series sets include the 9620, 9630, 9640, and 9650 IP
telephones. There are letters after the model number to indicate functionality.
C indicates a colour display, L indicates low power consumption (PoE Class 1),
G indicates Gigabit Ethernet. These sets support the SBM32 expansion module and
require Professional Edition licensing. 9608, 9611, 9621, and 9641 sets are
newer IP phones that are also supported. The 9600 series sets have displays
that support soft labels so no DESI strips are required.
The IP Office supports Nortel (now Avaya) 1120 and 1140
sets, as well as the newer 1220 and 1240 sets.
Avaya has three conference phone offerings. The B149 is an
analog conference phone. The B159 is an analog conference phone with a USB connector
for attaching to a PC or cell phone. The B179 is a SIP-enabled PoE conference
phone that supports the G.722 Codec for HD voice quality. The B179 requires an
Avaya IP Endpoint license to function and is supported on IP Office 7.0 and
higher.
Avaya supports DECT R4 sets with the IP Office. Each base
station can support up to eight simultaneous calls. DECT sets use the x7xx
numbering scheme.
Avaya Video phones (1010, 1020, 1030, 1040, and 1050) are
available. These video phones support internal video calls only (no, your
customers won’t be able to see you). The Avaya softphone also supports video
calls. The softphone can be installed on a Windows or MAC computer. The
installer is located on the Admin CD.
Legacy IP Office phones include the 4600, 5600, 4400, and 5400
series sets that are also supported. These sets are not available for new
sales.
Transport and Session Layer Technologies
Transport and Session are layers 4 and 5 of the OSI model. The Transport Layer (Layer 4) establishes, maintains, and terminates communication between networked machines. The Session Layer (Layer 5) initiates contact between applications and governs the exchange of data between programs. The IP Suite compresses the upper three layers (Application, Presentation, and Session) into one layer called Application. The transport layer remains the same. The Network layer is called the Internet Layer (but performs the same functions), and the bottom two layers, Data Link and Physical, are grouped into one layer called the Network Interface Layer. In the IP suite transport layer there are two methods of delivery: TCP and UDP. TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol. This is the most common method of delivery in data networks. Each packet sent is acknowledged by the receiving end and missing packets are re-transmitted. UDP, or User Datagram Protocol, is referred to as a connectionless protocol. It does not try to retransmit missing data; instead it assumes that all the data that was sent was received. While this may not sound like the best idea it is an optimal solution for VoIP and other time-sensitive applications, as it does not waste bandwidth with acknowledgements and retransmission of packets. Using this best-effort method, UDP is able to present our VoIP applications with a steady stream of voice packets with minimal delay.
The IP suite is a connectionless Layer 3 protocol with no continuing connection between endpoints. As such, there can be multiple Layer 2 protocols used, including Ethernet, ATM, PPP, Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS), Frame Relay, and Wireless protocols. I would like to take some time now to discuss some of these protocols.
Frame Relay is a cost-effective alternative to a leased line. It can work at speeds from 56kbps to 45Mbps. It provides some QoS capabilities, including prioritization (802.11p) and DiffServ. It exists at Layer 2 so there is less processing to perform at each node. It is considered to be a best-effort protocol, as once a packet enters the network it is not guaranteed any priority over other packets. The delays are higher and more variable than the PSTN. This can lead to an increased chance of serialization delay. Frame relay does offer error correction. When purchasing a Frame Relay connection you purchase a Converted Information Rate (CIR). This is your guaranteed throughput on the relay. If the CIR is too low there is a chance the packets may be dropped, resulting in poor voice quality.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode, or ATM, is available from service providers in four distinct levels of service. The first, Constant Bit Rate (CBR) specifies a fixed bit rate so that data is sent at a constant rate, similar to a leased line. A Variable Bit Rate (VBR) provides a specified throughput capacity, but the data is not sent evenly. VBR is a popular choice for voice and video conferencing data. Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) does not guarantee throughput rates. It is generally used for applications that can tolerate delays, such as file transfer and other data applications. Available Bit Rate provides a guaranteed minimum capacity and allows for the ability to burst data throughput rates when the network capacity is available. ATM speeds range from 25Mbps to 622Mbps. It has sophisticated QoS services, including DiffServ. Using CBR or VBR you can also receive a guarantee of prioritization. ATM is, unfortunately, not always available and is both difficult to set up and very costly. The equipment required to run ATM is very costly on its own. ATM does have a larger header than many alternatives, and is also subject to serialization delays. ATM will have a lower serialization delay than Frame Relay, however.
Point-to-Point Protocol, or PPP, is used to transmit datagrams between peer routers or other devices over dedicated switched lines. This also the method used to connect dial-up Internet connections. It uses a dedicated link, and therefore can provide the greatest QoS. It is full duplex and can be dedicated or circuit switched.
Wireless LAN is a relatively new technology. WLANs function on radio broadcast frequencies. Devices share the physical layer (the radio band). They must contend for use of the media. There is no collision detection with a WLAN, so collision avoidance methods are used – devices must wait for an inter-frame spacing interval before they transmit, and they must not transmit while other devices are transmitting.
Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a newer transport method. It provides a data transport mechanism for both circuit-based and packet-switched environments, and supports more than one transport method. It can use IP, ATM, SONET, and Ethernet.
Finally, there are common residential connections, namely Cable and DSL. These are best-effort methods, and do not provide and QoS. They are able to provide high-bandwidth Internet access, but minimum transmission speeds are not guaranteed.
The IP suite is a connectionless Layer 3 protocol with no continuing connection between endpoints. As such, there can be multiple Layer 2 protocols used, including Ethernet, ATM, PPP, Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS), Frame Relay, and Wireless protocols. I would like to take some time now to discuss some of these protocols.
Frame Relay is a cost-effective alternative to a leased line. It can work at speeds from 56kbps to 45Mbps. It provides some QoS capabilities, including prioritization (802.11p) and DiffServ. It exists at Layer 2 so there is less processing to perform at each node. It is considered to be a best-effort protocol, as once a packet enters the network it is not guaranteed any priority over other packets. The delays are higher and more variable than the PSTN. This can lead to an increased chance of serialization delay. Frame relay does offer error correction. When purchasing a Frame Relay connection you purchase a Converted Information Rate (CIR). This is your guaranteed throughput on the relay. If the CIR is too low there is a chance the packets may be dropped, resulting in poor voice quality.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode, or ATM, is available from service providers in four distinct levels of service. The first, Constant Bit Rate (CBR) specifies a fixed bit rate so that data is sent at a constant rate, similar to a leased line. A Variable Bit Rate (VBR) provides a specified throughput capacity, but the data is not sent evenly. VBR is a popular choice for voice and video conferencing data. Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) does not guarantee throughput rates. It is generally used for applications that can tolerate delays, such as file transfer and other data applications. Available Bit Rate provides a guaranteed minimum capacity and allows for the ability to burst data throughput rates when the network capacity is available. ATM speeds range from 25Mbps to 622Mbps. It has sophisticated QoS services, including DiffServ. Using CBR or VBR you can also receive a guarantee of prioritization. ATM is, unfortunately, not always available and is both difficult to set up and very costly. The equipment required to run ATM is very costly on its own. ATM does have a larger header than many alternatives, and is also subject to serialization delays. ATM will have a lower serialization delay than Frame Relay, however.
Point-to-Point Protocol, or PPP, is used to transmit datagrams between peer routers or other devices over dedicated switched lines. This also the method used to connect dial-up Internet connections. It uses a dedicated link, and therefore can provide the greatest QoS. It is full duplex and can be dedicated or circuit switched.
Wireless LAN is a relatively new technology. WLANs function on radio broadcast frequencies. Devices share the physical layer (the radio band). They must contend for use of the media. There is no collision detection with a WLAN, so collision avoidance methods are used – devices must wait for an inter-frame spacing interval before they transmit, and they must not transmit while other devices are transmitting.
Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a newer transport method. It provides a data transport mechanism for both circuit-based and packet-switched environments, and supports more than one transport method. It can use IP, ATM, SONET, and Ethernet.
Finally, there are common residential connections, namely Cable and DSL. These are best-effort methods, and do not provide and QoS. They are able to provide high-bandwidth Internet access, but minimum transmission speeds are not guaranteed.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)